WATER FOOTPRINT KONSUMSI TAHU DAN TEMPE DI KOTA BANDUNG

Abstrak: Air adalah kebutuhan hidup primer manusia. fungsinya sampai sekarang tidak dapat digantikan (Nobelia, 2008). Selain digunakan secara langsung, air tawar digunakan manusia secara tidak langsung salah satunya adalah konsumsi pangan dalam hal ini konsumsi tahu dan tempe. Banyak air yang dibutuhkan selama rantai suplai sampai waktu konsumsi (Van Oel dan Hoekstra, 2011) sehingga konsumsi makanan masyarakat juga menghabiskan banyak air yang terkandung dalam tahu dan tempe tersebut (air maya). Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan konsep water footprint untuk menghitung penggunaan air secara tidak langsung dalam konsumsi tahu dan tempe masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai water footprint konsumsi tahu dan tempe masyarakat Kota Bandung. Pengambilan data primer dengan survey kuisioner di Kecamatan Mandalajati, Kecamatan Coblong dan Kecamatan Sumur Bandung dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 70. Data sekunder pada penelitian ini berdasarkan Hoekstra dan Mekonnen (2010), wawancara dan observasi langsung dengan pemilik industri tahu dan tempe yang berada di daerah Cibuntu, Kecamatan Babakan Ciparay, Kota Bandung serta data penunjang lainnya terkait penelitian. Metode perhitungan pada penelitian ini berdasarkan the water footprint assessment manual (Hoekstra et al., 2011). Pada penelitian ini nilai water footprint dari produk tahu sebesar 2154 liter/kg dan nilai water footprint produk tempe sebesar 2763 liter/kg. Untuk nilai water footprint konsumsi tahu dan tempe Kota Bandung secara keseluruhan mencapai 93 m3/kapita/tahun atau mencapai 223 juta m3/tahun dan sebesar 13% dari nilai total water footprint konsumsi pangan. Sehingga penghematan air dalam rangka mengurangi nilai water footprint konsumsi tahu dan tempe dapat dilakukan pada tingkat konsumen dan tingkat produsen serta peran pemerintah. Kata kunci : konsumsi tahu dan tempe, water footprint produk, water footprint konsumsi. Abstract:  Freshwater is the primary needs of human life. It functions until now irreplacible (Nobelia, 2008). Besides being used directly, freshwater used by humans indirectly for example food consumption in terms of soybean curd and fermented soybean consumption. A lot amount of water required through the supply chain until the moment of consumption (Van Oel and Hoekstra, 2011) so that the soybean cur dan fermented soybean curd also requires a lot amount of freshwater indirectly that contained in soybean curd and fermented soybean (virtual water). Therefore the concept of water footprint needed to estimate the indirectly water use in soybean curd and fermented soybean consumption in Bandung. The purpose of this study is to estimate the water footprint of soybean curd and fermented soybean consumption. Primary collecting data by questionnaire survey in Mandalajati District Coblong District and Sumur Bandung District with the sample size of 70 Secondary data collecting obtained from Hoekstra and Mekonnen (2010), interview and observation with the owner of soybean curd and fermented soybean industry in Cibuntu area, Babakan Ciparay District, city of Bandung, and also the other data related to study. Calculation method Based on The Water Footprint Assessment Manual (Hoekstra et al., 2011). The water footprint of soybean curd product and fermented soybean product is 2154 liters/kg and 2763 liters/kg respecticely. The water footprint of soybean curd and fermented in Bandung is 93 m3/capita/year or 223 million m3/year. Thus, the water saving effort can be applied at consumer level, product level and the role of the government.Keywords : soybean curd and fermented soybean consumption,water footprint product, water footprint consumptio

APLIKASI CONTINGEN VALUATION METHOD DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN KAWASAN PEMUKIMAN DI SEKITAR PESISIR

Abstrak: Banyaknya sampah yang ditemukan di sekitar perairan Kota Ternate pada hunian rumah panggung menunjukkan buruknya pengelolaan limbah sampah. Untuk mengurangi gangguan yang timbul maka diperlukan tindakan dalam mengurangi kerugian ekonomi yang ditimbulkan dari menurunnya kualitas lingkungan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi dan kekhawatiran masyarakat yang mempengaruhi besarnya kesediaan masyarakat untuk membayar (WTP) untuk peningkatan kualitas perairan kota Ternate melalui metode valuasi kontingen (CVM). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi dengan total 257 respondent dari dua administrasi area berbeda yaitu pusat kota yang sudah direklamasi dan jauh dari pusat kota yang belum direklamasi. Analisis WTP dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas perairan pesisir Kota Ternate dengan CVM menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesediaan membayar masyarakat sebesar Rp. 20.000/KK/bulan. Besarnya WTP masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh frekuensi limbah buangan sampah, persepsi pencemaran laut, persepsi bau, persepsi warna, kuantitas buangan sampah di laut, frekuensi pembersihan laut, estetika laut, kekhawatiran terhadap sumber pencemar, dan kesediaan partisipasi dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas perairan Kota Ternate. Besarnya nilai manfaat ekonomi peningkatan kualitas perairan laut Kota Ternate adalah sebesar Rp. 141.120.000/tahun yang menunjukkan adanya potensi masyarakat untuk mendukung kebersihan lingkungan perairan laut Kota Ternate. Kata kunci: sampah, ekosistem pesisir, rumah panggung, Willingness to Pay (WTP), dan Contingen Valuation Method (CVM)    Abstract : The amount of garbage found around the waters of Ternate City on the shelter of houses on stilts shows the management of waste is poorly managed. To reduce the disruption that arises it will require action in reducing the economic losses resulting from the declining quality of the coastal environment. This study aims to identify people's perceptions and concerns that affect the amount of people's willingness to pay (WTP) to improve the quality of Ternate city waters through contingent valuation method (CVM). Data analysis used is regression analysis with total 257 respondents from two with different administration locations is downtown already reclaimed and far from the citizen who are reclaimed. Analysis of WTP in efforts to increase quality of coastal waters city of Ternate with CVM suggests that the public's willingness to pay (WTP) is Rp. 20.000/KK/month. WTP amount is influenced by frequency of waste gabbage, perception of sea pollution, perception of odor, perception of color, quantity garbage at sea, frequency of cleaning the sea, aesthetics of the sea, concern of pollutant sources and the willingness to contribute to programme. The value of the economic benefits increasing water quality coastal of Ternate city waters is Rp. 141.120.000/year which indicates good potensial from the community to support cleanliness environment of the Ternate city coastal waters..Keywords: garbage, coastal ecosystem, houses on stilts, Willingness to Pay (WTP), Contingen Valuation Method (CVM

ALTERNATIF PENYEIMBANG STOK KARBON UNTUK PENGGUNAAN KAWASAN HUTAN (STUDI KASUS : PT. PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY (PGE)/ STAR ENERGY GEOTHERMAL WAYANG WINDU LIMITED (SEGWWL) DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG)

Abstrak: Rencana penggunaan kawasan hutan oleh PT. PGE/SEGWWL untuk eksploitasi panas bumi seluas ± 78,31 ha di Kabupaten Bandung, diperkirakan akan melepaskan karbon yang disimpan sebagai biomassa. PLTP merupakan kegiatan strategis nasional, sehingga untuk mendukung kebijakan penurunan emisi GHG diperlukan kajian alternatif penyeimbang stok karbon. Penghitungan pelepasan karbon dan potensi penyerapan karbon menggunakan metode Sampling tanpa pemanenan (Non destructive sampling) dan menggunakan persamaan allometric dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Metode Analytic Hierarchi Process (AHP) digunakan untuk memilih alternatif terbaik penyeimbang stok karbon. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil yaitu perkiraan pelepasan karbon dari rencana penggunaan kawasan hutan sebesar 11.066,99 ton C. Reboisasi calon lahan kompensasi diperkirakan dapat menyerap karbon sebesar 5.016,66 ton C tahun-1 untuk menyetarakannya. Kekurangan penyetaraan karbon sebesar 6.050,32 ton C tahun-1 dapat dipenuhi dengan 3 alternatif membangun hutan rakyat yaitu 1) Jatiputih (Gmelina Arborea Roxb) seluas 50,17 ha, 2) Mindi (Melia Azedarach L) seluas 94,14 ha, dan 3) Eukaliptus  (Eucalyptus Pellita F. Muell) seluas 86,86 ha. Alternatif terbaik yang dipilih menggunakan metode AHP yaitu dengan membangun hutan rakyat Jati putih (Gmelina Arborea Roxb). Kata kunci: Karbon, Penggunaan Kawasan Hutan, Hutan Rakyat, AHP Abstract : The intended use of forest areas by PT. PGE / SEGWWL for geothermal exploitation of ± 78.31 ha in Bandung regency, is expected release carbon stored as biomass. PLTP is a strategic national initiative, so as to support the GHG emission reduction policies is necessary to study alternative carbon stock balancer. Sampling methods without harvesting (Non-destructive sampling) and using allometric equations from previous studies are used for calculation of carbon release and carbon sequestration potential. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select the best alternative carbon stock balancer. The results of the research showed that estimate carbon release from forest area use plan is equal to 11.066,99 tons C. For balance,reforestation prospective land compensation is expected to sequester carbon by 5.016,66 tons C yr-1. Shortage of carbon equivalency of 6.050,32 tons C yr-1 can be filled with 3 alternative building private forests are 1) Jatiputih (Gmelina arborea Roxb) area of 50,17 ha, 2) Mindi (Melia azedarach L) covering an area of 94.14 ha, and 3) Eukaliptus  (Eucalyptus Pellita F. Muell) covering an area of 86,86 ha. The best alternative selected using AHP method is to build a private forest of Jatiputih (Gmelina arborea Roxb) Key words: Carbon, Use of Forest Areas, Private Forest, AHP

KAJIAN AWAL PENETAPAN TEKNOLOGI LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT/GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PADA PENGELOLAAN LIMPASAN HUJAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI (STUDI KASUS : DAS CITARUM HULU BUKAN KOTA)

Abstrak : Meningkatnya pembangunan di DAS Citarum Hulu menyebabkan berkurangnya wilayah resapan air yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya limpasan hujan. Oleh karena itu suatu teknologi pengelolaan limpasan hujan dibutuhkan untuk menahan limpasan hujan agar tidak terjadi banjir dan meningkatkan penyerapan limpasan hujan ke dalam tanah sebagai upaya menjaga ketersediaan air tanah. Low Impact Development adalah paradigma baru pengelolaan air yang menekankan upaya konservasi dan penggunaan fitur alami untuk melindungi kualitas air serta menjaga kesetimbangan hidrologi agar sama kondisinya saat sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan. Dalam penelitian ini, analisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) untuk menentukan teknologi yang tepat (Best Management Practices) dalam pengelolaan limpasan hujan sesuai dengan konsep LID. Analisa spatial dilakukan terhadap fitur alami DAS Citarum Hulu sesuai dengan kriteria teknologi BMPs yang ditetapkan. Sebagian besar wilayah DAS Citarum Hulu merupakan terrain pegunungan dengan lereng curam (slope>15%) dan 84% wilayahnya merupakan zona resapan air. Jenis tanah dominan di wilayah studi DAS Citarum Hulu, 58% cenderung memiliki laju infiltrasi tinggi, terdiri dari alluvial (16%) dan andosol (42%). Kedalaman air tanah dangkal wilayah studi bervariasi, dipengaruhi kontur, tata guna lahan, zona resapan dan curah hujan. Berdasarkan fitur alami wilayah studi, 43% dari total kelurahan sesuai mengaplikasikan kelompok BMPs yang dapat memenuhi parameter Rev, sedangkan 57% sesuai mengaplikasikan kelompok BMPs yang tidak dapat memenuhi parameter Rev. Recharge volume requirements (Rev) adalah parameter untuk mempertahankan tingkat peresapan air ke dalam tanah yang ada di situs.    Kata Kunci :     BMPs, DAS Citarum Hulu, LID, limpasan hujan , Rev, SIG Abstract : Increased development in The Upstream Citarum River Basin has led to reduce water catchment areas that result in increased runoff. Therefore, stormwater management technologies are needed to prevent flooding and improve absorption of runoff into the ground in an effort to maintain the availability of groundwater. Low Impact Development is a new paradigm of water management that emphasizes conservation and use of natural features to protect water quality and maintain hydrology balance for  same condition as before and after construction. In this study, analysis is done using Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the right technology (Best Management Practices) in the management of stormwater in accordance with the concept of LID. Natural features in The Upstream Citarum River Basin will be analyzed spatially based on criteria of BMPs. Most area in Upstream Citarum River Basin is mountains with steep slopes (slope> 15% and 84% of  area is water catchment zone. Type of soil that dominates in Upstream Citarum River Basin, 58% tend to has high infiltration rate, consist of alluvial(16%) and andosol(42%). Depth of shallow ground water in study areas has many variations, influenced by contours, landuse, presence of water catchment zone, and rainfall. Based on the natural features of study area, 43% of total villages appropriate to apply BMPs design that can meet parameters of Rev, while 57% appropriate to apply BMPs design that can not meet the Rev. parameter. Recharge volume requirements (Rev) is parameter to maintain existing groundwater recharge rates at sites. Key Words : BMPs, GIS, LID, Rev, runoff , Upstream Citarum River Basi

PENILAIAN RESIKO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENDEKATAN ANALISIS RESIKO EKOLOGI DALAM RENCANA PENGAMANAN AIR (RPA) SUMBER DARI SUNGAI CIKAPUNDUNG (Studi Kasus di IPA Dago Pakar, PDAM Tirtawening, Kota Bandung)

Abstrak : Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Dago Pakar, PDAM Tirtawening menggunakan sumber air baku dari Sungai Cikapundung (melalui intake Bantarawi), dimana kondisi sungai tersebut sekarang banyak mengalami penurunan baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Sungai Cikapundung telah tercemar oleh limbah peternakan dan domestik, terutama yang berasal dari wilayah Hulu Sungai Cikapundung. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan bertambahnya beban pengolahan IPA, sehingga menyebabkan bertambahnya biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh IPA Dago Pakar. Beban IPA bertambah karena bertambahnya penggunaan koagulan (PAC) dengan jenis PAC yang berbeda harga pembeliannya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan studi penelitian tentang penilaian resiko pada unit pengolahan akibat dari perubahan kualitas (kekeruhan, BOD, warna, pH, DO dan TOC) dan kuantitas sumber air baku. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan metode analisa resiko ekologi. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang kuat antara kekeruhan akibat limbah peternakan sapi dan kejadian hujan terhadap pemakaian jumlah koagulan bubuk (kg), koefisien korelasi Spearman sebesar 0,795 dan 0,766 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Nilai total resiko tergolong memiliki resiko tinggi dengan rata-rata dalam tahun 2013 yaitu sebesar 6,48 % dari harga jual air atau sebesar Rp287,36/m3 kapasitas produksi. Hasil peramalan dengan program Crystal Ball dengan memakai tools analisa skenario menggunakan data persentil 1 "“ 10 %, diperoleh hasil untuk data persentil 1 % diperoleh nilai total resiko Rp250,79/m3 kapasitas produksi atau 5,65 % dari harga jual air (resiko tinggi) dan pada data persentil 10 % diperoleh nilai total resiko Rp266,33/m3 kapasitas produksi atau 6 % dari harga jual air (resiko sangat tinggi). Kata kunci : Analisa resiko ekologi, Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM), IPA Dago Pakar, analisa skenario, program Crystal Ball Abstract : Dago Pakar Water Treatment Plant (WTP), PDAM Tirtawening use raw water sources from Cikapundung River (through Bantarawi intake), where the condition of the river now much decreased in terms of both quality and quantity. Cikapundung river are polluted by livestock waste, and domestic, especially those from the Upper River region of Cikapundung river. These conditions lead to increased processing load on WTP, thus resulting in increased production costs incurred by Dago Pakar WTP. WTP load increases due to increasing the use of coagulants (PAC) with different types of  PAC and purchase price. Therefore, it is necessary to research on risk assessment study on the processing units as a result of changes in quality (turbidity, BOD, color, pH, DO and TOC) and quantity of raw water source. The approach of ecological risk analysis method is use for this study. The result of the identification shows a strong correlation between the turbidity of livestock waste and rain events with the use of powder coagulant (kg). The Spearman correlation coefficient are 0.795 and 0.766 with significance value are 0.000 (p < 0.05) respectively. The total risk value is classified as high risk. The total risk value is 6.48% of the average of the water selling price or Rp287.36/m3 production capacity. The results of the Crystal Ball program forecasting using scenario analysis with 1 "“ 10 % percentile data show that total risk value for the 1 % percentile is 5.65% of the average of the water selling price (high risk) or Rp250.79/m3 production capacity and for the 10 % percentile is 6% of the average of the water selling price (very high risk) or at Rp266.33/m3 production capacity.  Keywords : ecological risk analysis, Water Safety Plan (WSP), Dago Pakar WTP, scenario analysis, Crystal Ball progra

ANALISIS KONDISI EKSISTING PENAMPANG SUNGAI CISANGKUY HILIR MENGGUNAKAN HEC-RAS 4.1.0

Abstrak: Banjir yang terjadi akibat meluapnya Sungai Cisangkuy Hilir mengakibatkan kerugian yang besar mencakup kerugian fisik maupun non fisik. Meluapnya Sungai Cisangkuy Hilir tersebut disebabkan karena sungai tidak  mampu  lagi menampung  debit  banjir  yang terjadi.  Makalah ini membahas mengenai analisis kondisi penampang eksisting Sungai Cisangkuy Hilir terhadap debit banjir rencana (periode ulang 20 tahun) menggunakan software HEC-RAS. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan HEC-RAS dari mulai pembuatan model tiruan Sungai Cisangkuy Hilir sampai simulasi aliran model tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, ( steady flow analysis) menggunakan debit banjir rencana periode ulang 20 tahun (229, 27 m3/s) bahwa semua penampang mengalami banjir dan tidak memenuhi persyaratan tinggi jagaan (0.75 meter). Tinggi banjir tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 17,4 yaitu mencapai 3,06 meter sedangkan tinggi banjir terendah terdapat pada stasiun 0 yaitu sebesar 0,03 meter. Banjir tersebut disebabkan karena tinggi sedimen yang mencapai tiga meter di sepanjang sungai yang membuat kapasitas penampang menjadi kecil. Sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Sungai Cisangkuy Hilir memerlukan upaya penanganan banjir khususnya dengan normalisasi penampang sungai.Kata kunci: penampang, model, sedimen, simulasi, steadyAbstract: Floods caused by overflowing of the river downstream Cisangkuy cause large losses include loss of physical and non-physical. Cisangkuy River Downstream overflowing caused by the river no longer able to accommodate the flood discharge. This paper discusses the analysis of the existing conditions section Cisangkuy river downstream with discharge plan (20 year return period) using HEC-RAS software. This research using HEC-RAS ranging from artificial modeling Cisangkuy River downstream until flow simulation model. Based on simulation results, (steady flow analysis) using the flood discharge plan period of 20 years (229, 27 m3/s) that all the section was flooded and did not comply the freeboard (0.75 meters). The highest floods are on station 17.4, reaching 3.06 meters while the lowest was at station flood 0 is equal to 0.03 meters. The flood was caused by high sediment that reaches three meters along the river which makes a small cross-section capacity. So it can be concluded that the river downstream Cisangkuy require flood mitigation efforts in particular by normalizing the river section. Keywords: cross section, models, sediment, simulation, stead

Assessing Log Reduction Values of Conventional Water Treatment Plants with Microbially Highly Polluted Raw Water Sources

Because of the global outlook of microbial pathogens contributed by river basins that are characterized by highly populated urbanized areas and other activities with poor wastewater management, it is imperative to assess the sufficiency of conventional water treatment plants with microbially highly polluted raw surface water sources in supplying pathogen-free drinking water. By using the log reduction value (LRV), the microbial safety of the drinking water supply from WTP Badaksinga, Bandung City, Indonesia, was assessed, from the raw water sources to the conventional water treatment units. E. coli, total coliform, and Clostridium perfringens (as a surrogate of the Cryptosporidium parvum protozoan) were selected as pathogens. It was found that with E. coli concentrations of > 20,000 MPN/100 ml, all the raw water sources should be categorized as not suitable for drinking water sources. The LRVs of conventional treatment units ranged from 0.67 to 1.4 for all pathogens. For the disinfection unit, the LRVs ranged from 3.0 to 3.71 for E. coli and total coliform, and 0 for Clostridium perfringens. Based on the results, the drinking water from WTP Badaksinga is safe from bacteria contamination but theoretically requires an additional barrier for protozoa safety. The assessment found that the LRVs of pre-sedimentation and combined flocculation-sedimentation units in conventional treatment systems need to be (re)assessed

Assessing Log Reduction Values of Conventional Water Treatment Plants with Microbially Highly Polluted Raw Water Sources

Because of the global outlook of microbial pathogens contributed by river basins that are characterized by highly populated urbanized areas and other activities with poor wastewater management, it is imperative to assess the sufficiency of conventional water treatment plants with microbially highly polluted raw surface water sources in supplying pathogen-free drinking water. By using the log reduction value (LRV), the microbial safety of the drinking water supply from WTP Badaksinga, Bandung City, Indonesia, was assessed, from the raw water sources to the conventional water treatment units. E. coli, total coliform, and Clostridium perfringens (as a surrogate of the Cryptosporidium parvum protozoan) were selected as pathogens. It was found that with E. coli concentrations of > 20,000 MPN/100 ml, all the raw water sources should be categorized as not suitable for drinking water sources. The LRVs of conventional treatment units ranged from 0.67 to 1.4 for all pathogens. For the disinfection unit, the LRVs ranged from 3.0 to 3.71 for E. coli and total coliform, and 0 for Clostridium perfringens. Based on the results, the drinking water from WTP Badaksinga is safe from bacteria contamination but theoretically requires an additional barrier for protozoa safety. The assessment found that the LRVs of pre-sedimentation and combined flocculation-sedimentation units in conventional treatment systems need to be (re)assessed

Empowerment of the Community of Cisantana as a buffer village of Gunung Ciremai National Park through Ecotourism Program

Kesejahteraan masyarakat desa penyangga merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kelestarian Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC). Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan mengembangkan dan mengelola wisata alam melalui pola kemitraan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian di desa penyangga yaitu Desa Cisantana dengan tujuan; mengkaji potensi pengembangan Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam (ODTWA), mengidentifikasi tingkat pengaruh dan kepentingan pemangku kepentingan, menganalisis manfaat dan tren pengembangan wisata alam, serta strategi pengembangan dan pengelolaan ODTWA. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan penelusuran kepustakaan. Analisis yang digunakan; ADO ODTWA (Analisi Daerah Operasional-Objek Daya Tarik Wisata Alam), Analisis Tingkat Pengaruh dan Kepentingan Stakeholder, dan Analisis Deskriptif Kualitatif. ODTWA bumi perkemahan Palutungan layak untuk dikembangkan. Balai TNGC dan Koperasi Alam Citra Mandiri adalah pemain kunci. Program kemitraan memberikan manfaat sosial ekonomi bagi masyarakat Desa Cisantana. Strategi pengembangan dan pengelolaan ODTWA dapat mengadopsi Model Pentahelix, yang mendorong penguatan kolaborasi pariwisata melalui optimalisasi peran BGCAM. Keterlibatan pihak swasta dalam pengembangan produk wisata di ODTWA diperlukan tetapi harus didominasi oleh masyarakat lokal.The welfare of the buffer village community is a factor that affects the sustainability of Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP). One of the efforts that can be made is empowering the community by developing and managing nature tourism through a partnership pattern. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research in buffer villages, namely Cisantana Village, with the objectives are; assessing the potential for developing Objects and Natural Tourism Attraction (ONTA), identifying the level of influence and importance of stakeholders, analyzing the benefits and trends of natural tourism development, and strategies for developing and managing ONTA. Data collection was done by interview, observation, and library search. The analysis used; ADO ODTWA (Analysis of Operational Areas-ONTA), Analysis of the Level of Influence and Importance of Stakeholders, and Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. ONTA of Palutungan campground is worth developing. GNCP Office Center and Koperasi Alam Citra Mandiri are key players. The partnership program provides socio-economic benefits for the people of Cisantana Village. The ONTA development and management strategy can adopt the Pentahelix Model, which encourages the strengthening of tourism collaboration through optimizing the roles of BGCAM. The involvement of the private sector in product development in ONTA is required but must be dominated by the local community

Household Water Supply Strategies in Urban Bandung, Indonesia: Findings and Implications for Future Water Access Reporting

Through structured interviews and statistical analyses, this study investigated access to water and strategies of 1227 vulnerable households in Bandung, Indonesia. The use of mixed water sources, household water treatment, and home storage suggest low trust in improved sources, and compromised safety and reliability of water. While official statistics suggest a high level of access to improved water sources, full-time access to such sources is overestimated. Integration of user behavior into the new monitoring approach for the water supply sector in the post-2015 development framework is proposed